Current review of diagnosis and control of urogenital schistosomiasis
Keyword : Urogenital schistosomiasis, diagnosis, treatment, prevention
Author(s) : Ejinaka, O.R., *Obeta, M.U., Agbalaka, P.I. And Ajik, H
Abstract : Urogenital schistosomiasis is rated next to malaria among parasitic diseases with high economic impact in the tropics, especially in Nigeria with the heaviest burden estimated at 29 million cases. Urinary schistosomiasis that affects urogenital tract is caused by Schistosoma haematobium. This paper reviewed diagnosis, treatment and control of urogenital schistosomiasis with emphasis on urine reagent strip test, mobile microscopy, and PCR/DNA-based methods analyses. Consensus of opinion is that mass treatment of affected population with Praziquentel® is highly efficient, easy to administer, relatively safe and with mild to moderate side effects. Preventive chemotherapy will also reduce production of eggs and prevent morbidity caused by eggs, eliminate the shedding of schistosome eggs in aquatic environments thus leaving the snail intermediate host non infective. However, education and behaviour change regarding water contact activities would ensure total eradication of urogenital schistosomiasis.